Orchard growing grass is a comprehensive orchard management technology that can improve the soil quality of the orchard, increase the yield and quality of the fruit, and improve the microclimate of the orchard. It is one of the effective ways to improve the quality and efficiency of orchard production. It has been applied to certain extent at home and abroad. Therefore, in recent years, vigorously promote the orchard growing grass technology.
1. Grass species suitable for planting in orchards
1. Clover, red and white clover
Perennial leguminous forage plants. Resistance to trampling and strong regeneration. The tap root is shallow and the lateral roots are vigorous, mainly distributed in the 20-30cm soil layer. Nodules have strong nitrogen fixation ability. Like temperature and humidity, cold and heat resistant. It can survive the winter safely at -20℃～-15℃. It can withstand high temperature of 40℃ in summer. Love acidic soil, not tolerant to saline. It can grow on sandy loam, sandy soil and loam.
2. Changeable coronal flower
Perennial legumes. The main root is developed and strong, and the lateral roots are developed and densely formed with nodules. It has strong nitrogen fixation ability. Adventitious shoots on the roots have strong regeneration ability and more root tillers. The stems tend to grow prostrate, with short internodes, many branches, and adventitious roots at the nodes. Strong adaptability, drought tolerance, cold tolerance, barren tolerance, shade tolerance, trampling resistance, large grass yield and vigorous growth. It can be propagated by seeds or by root tillers.
3. Ryegrass
Ryegrass is a plant belonging to the genus Lolium of the gramineous family. The reproductive ability is strong, the stems and leaves are soft and smooth, the quality is good, the livestock and poultry are fond of food, the fibrous roots are developed, the root system is relatively shallow, mainly distributed in the soil layer within 15 cm, and the stems are upright and smooth. Plant height is 50 to 120 cm, perennial ryegrass grows in warm, moist, well-drained loam or clay. Strong regenerability, resistance to cutting, grazing resistance, cutting or grazing before heading can quickly restore growth. The nutrients in the dry matter are crude protein 13.8%, crude fat 5.6%, crude fiber 18%, nitrogen-free extract 44.4%, crude ash 12%, calcium 0.31%, phosphorus 0.28%, rich in essential amino acids, and relatively high content of trace elements Many and good palatability, it is the most ideal green feed for dairy cows, pigs, rabbits and sheep in winter and spring.
2. Sowing date
The best sowing time for clover is spring and autumn, and the optimum growth temperature is 19℃～24℃. Spring sowing can be carried out in the middle and late March, with the temperature stable above 15℃. Planting in autumn generally starts from mid-August to mid- and late-September. The moisture content in autumn is good, and the growth of weeds is weak, which is conducive to the growth of clover, so it is more suitable than spring sowing. Ryegrass should be planted in autumn, specifically in mid-September.
3. Seedling management
In addition to applying plantar fertilizer before sowing, in the seedling stage, 60-75 kg/ha of urea fertilizer should be applied. 225-300 kg/ha of urea should also be applied every year.
Fertilization method: It can be combined with irrigation, and it can also be sprayed or sprayed on the foliar when it rains. Red and white clover and variegated coronaria are legumes that have the ability to fix nitrogen, but nitrogen-fixing bacteria have not yet formed in the seedling stage, so a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer needs to be supplemented. After the flat is formed, only phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are needed. Ryegrass needs a certain amount Of nitrogen fertilizer. The soil should be kept moist during the seedling stage, and proper irrigation should be required in case of long-term drought after it has been formed. At the seedling stage, weeds should be removed, especially the malignant broad-leaved weeds such as Polygonum, Chenopodium and Chinensis.
4. Mowing and plowing
When the height grows to about 30 cm, the mowing is carried out, cutting 2 to 4 times a year; when mowing, the stubble is more than 10 cm (the ryegrass can be left more than 5 cm), and the cut can be covered between plants. In the first year after sowing, because the seedlings are weak and the root system is small, cutting is not suitable. Starting from the second year, it can be cut 3 to 5 times a year, and after 5 to 7 years, the whole garden will be cut in autumn.
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