First, the need for fertilizer characteristics
According to the investigation of high-quality, high-quality pear orchards for many years, each production of 1,000 kilograms of pear requires 4-6 kilograms of nitrogen, 2-3 kilograms of phosphorus, and 4-6 kilograms of potassium. Different ages of pear trees require different fertilizer laws. The main nutrients needed for pear tree saplings are nitrogen and phosphorus, especially phosphorus, which has a good effect on root growth and development. The establishment of a good root structure is a good structure of pear tree crowns. The premise of robust growth. The nutrient requirements of adult fruit trees are mainly nitrogen and potassium, especially because the harvesting of fruits has taken away a lot of nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus. If they cannot be supplemented in time, it will seriously affect the growth and yield of pears in the coming year.
Second, fertilization technology
The application amount of pear fertilizer should be determined flexibly according to the soil fertility, age, variety, yield, and climate factors. In the orchards with low soil fertility, high tree age, and high yield, the amount of fertilization is higher; the fertilization of orchards with high soil fertility, low age, and low yield is appropriately reduced. The varieties are more resistant to fertilizers, suitable for climatic conditions, and have a higher amount of water for moderate fertilizers. On the contrary, the amount of fertilizers should be appropriately reduced. If the application amount of organic fertilizer is more, the application amount of chemical fertilizer should be less.
1, Shizujifei
Fertilizer amount: Basal fertilizer is dominated by organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and the dosage accounts for about 40% of the annual fertilization amount. The basal fertilization is better than the spring, and the early autumn is better than the late autumn and winter. This is because: 1 At this time, it is the peak of autumn root growth, which can cause early healing of wounds and promote a large number of new roots. 2 It can promote the absorption of autumn roots and the photosynthesis of autumn leaves, increase the storage nutrition level, improve the quality of flower buds and the degree of branch bud filling, thus improving the cold resistance, and the effect is excellent. 3 After the organic fertilizer is applied in autumn and winter and winter, it is decomposed and decomposed, and the fertilizer efficiency is best exerted during the most stressful period of spring nutrient. However, if winter or spring planting, the fertilizer is too late to decompose, which can easily lead to the need for fertilizer in the spring when it is not strong enough.
2, reasonable dressing
Before flowering, more fertilizer is applied before flowering in early spring, which can promote germination, make flowering neat, reduce flowering and fruit drop, and promote the development of new shoots. The fertilizer used is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, accounting for about 20% of the annual fertilization amount. The basal fertilizers with higher application rates or applied in winter may not be applied or applied before flowering.
Post-harvest top dressing: Mostly applied after flowering, it can effectively increase the fruit setting rate, improve the nutrition of the tree, and promote the rapid growth of the early fruits. The dosage is about 10% of the annual application amount.
During fruit enlargement, dressing is applied after the fruit enters the rapid growth period again. At this time, topdressing promotes rapid fruit growth, promotes flower bud differentiation, and plays an important role in laying the foundation for the next year's production. The amount of fertilizer is about 20% to 30% of the annual application amount.
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