The market of yam in recent years is not bad, which is mainly related to its nutritional value. Yam can also be called Huaishan, and it can be used together with Ganoderma lucidum to prevent and treat diabetes. Yam has great development prospects in food industry and processing industry. . Today, we mainly study a directional cultivation technique of yam roots.
1 variety selection
The yam yam variety was selected, which belongs to middle and early maturity and has a growth period of 160 days. The tuber has a long tail shape, a smooth skin, a uniform appearance, a length of 80 to 100 cm, a large head diameter of 3 to 5 cm, a tuber weight of about 1.5 kg, and a white potato. The cooked food has a soft texture and a good taste. It has a medium growth and a wide adaptability. The average yield per mu is about 1500kg.
2 Soil selection
The use of limited root orientation cultivation is not high in soil requirements. Sand, loam, clay, soil layer depth and groundwater level can be planted. The sandy loam soil with fertile soil, deep soil layer and convenient drainage is more conducive to its growth.
3 kinds of potato treatment
3.1 Seed selection and seed potato treatment
Choose potato chips that are free of pests and diseases and are fully cooked. 25 to 30 days before planting, the tail of the seed potato is cut into 12 cm long, and sterilized with 25% carbendazim WP 800 times for 10 min. After drying, it can be directly germinated or cut into the tuber of the seed tube. Lime or grass ash, and sun-dried for 1 to 3 days to break the dormancy of seed potatoes to promote germination. The degree of sowing is that the seed potato incision shrinks inward and splits from the middle of the section.
3.2 germination
The seed potatoes are packed in baskets, and the seed potatoes are placed neatly, and the incisions are oriented in a uniform manner and cannot be in contact with each other. After being placed, it is placed neatly inside the room and covered with a plastic film at a low temperature. When the new root of the tuber is exposed 1 to 2 cm, seeding can be carried out. The young shoots should not be too long, and the length of the white buds should not exceed 1 cm, otherwise the quality of the seeding would be affected. If you can't sow immediately, try to lower the temperature to slow or inhibit the elongation of the shoots.
4 whole
The whole geography is 畦, the distance ditch of 1.1 m per gully is made into a gully of 15 cm below the surface, and the ploughed soil layer is fully smashed, so as to cover the soil when planting.
5 planting
Yam cultivation should be from late February to early March, and it is generally required that the ground surface temperature of 5 cm is more than 9 to 10 °C. Planting method: Spread the 60 cm wide strip of rainproof cloth in the gully, spread the corn stalk on the colored rainproof cloth and cover the soil of 5 cm thick. After covering the soil, lay a layer of base fertilizer (pig manure, cow dung for It is best to mix two bags of compound fertilizer per acre, then apply phoxim to kill insects, and then apply a layer of thin soil, then discharge 5 to 6 seedlings horizontally, with the buds facing up and the stems facing one. Cover the soil 5 to 10 cm. After the first cluster is arranged, the next cluster is retreated 60 cm later. After planting, install a drop bag in each row for watering.
6 Field management
6.1 weeding
After 1 to 2 days of planting, spray on the kneading surface and the ditch surface with 90% acetochlor EC 350 times or 96% Jinduer EC 2000 times when the soil is wet or after rain. If there are weeds during the growth period, 12.5% ​​high-efficiency flupirtine emulsifiable concentrate can be used to prevent water spray, and the liquid can not be sprinkled onto the yam vine. Manual weeding is also optional.
6.2 mulching film coverage
Before the emergence of the seedlings, it is advisable to cover the kneading surface with a 1.2m wide black mulch and compress it after rain or after wetting.
6.3 net
After planting for 10 to 20 days, when the seedling height is about 20 cm, the yam climbing net should be erected in time.
6.4 fertilizing soil
20 to 30 days after the seedlings, topdressing 1 time, even 3 to 4 times, each application of compound fertilizer 5 ~ 10kg. After 120 days of planting, it was transferred to the tuber growing season and re-applied with potato fertilizer, 20 to 30 kg of compound fertilizer and 100 kg of bio-organic fertilizer. Fertilization should be carried out after rain or after irrigation, and the soil should be kept in time to cover the soil layer of the tuber 10 to 15 cm thick.
6.5 Water Management
Yam is more drought-tolerant, and the water requirements are not strict. It is better to keep the soil moist during the seedling stage and tuber growth. However, after the tuber enters the vigorous growth period, it should ensure sufficient water supply, especially in the rapid elongation of tubers. To keep the soil moist, always spray water at the right time. Watering should be stopped about 10 days before the harvest of the yam to facilitate sale or storage after harvesting.
6.6 Disease prevention
The yam disease is mainly anthrax. Control method: 70% mancozeb WP 500 times solution in the early stage of the disease is better sprayed before the rain in summer and autumn.
7 harvesting
Harvesting can generally begin around August, and the harvesting period can last until March of the following year. Harvesting should be carried out in the sunny morning, after the soil layer is slightly opened, the whole yam can be taken out. Under normal circumstances, customers will order the harvest, and the damage of potato chips should be minimized after harvest. After harvesting the yam, the colored poncho can be put away and can be used for yam cultivation in the coming year.
8 Conclusion
Compared with traditional cultivation, yam root-limited cultivation has the following advantages: 1 Solving the high requirements on soil. Traditional cultivation of Chinese yam can only be planted in sandy soil with low groundwater level and deep soil layer. The cultivar limited root cultivation soil should be 30-40 cm, as long as the groundwater level does not exceed 40 cm. 2 The yield is high and the quality is good. The root-limited cultivation soil layer is thin, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the soil is loose and the permeability is good, so that the yam grows fast, saves water and fertilizer; 3 is easy to harvest. Simply use simple tools or use both hands to open the topsoil to remove the yam without damaging the tubers to achieve high quality and high yield. 4 The yam is grown on a colored rain cloth, and the chips are neat, full, smooth, and good in skin color.
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