4 kinds of truffle genetic pathways and genomes announced
November 16, 2018 Source: Science and Technology Daily Author: Zhang Meng Ran
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];In a paper published online by the British journal Nature, Ecology and Evolution on the 14th, scientists published the genetic pathways and genomes of four truffle species. This is part of a five-year “1000 Species Whole Genome Sequencing Program†that will fill our gap in understanding one of the largest branches of the Tree of Life.
Truffles are extremely demanding on the growing environment and cannot be cultivated artificially, with scarce production. It is actually a spore-bearing fruiting body that grows in the roots of plant roots. It forms a truffle-like fungal species that has evolved independently for more than a hundred times and appears in almost all major groups of fleshy fungi. However, the fundamental question of the evolution of the truffle life model has not yet been answered.
Francis Martin, Claude Murat, and colleagues at the Nancy Research Center of the National Institute of Agricultural Research in France, conducted the genomes of the precious Piedmont white truffles, Burgundy truffles, desert truffles and swine truffles. Sequencing. They compared these genomes with the fungal genomes of Perigord black truffles and truffles, and found that although these truffles followed their separate evolutionary paths after centuries of differentiation, unexpectedly, They still have genetic similarities. For example, these truffles have similar genes in their ability to coexist with plants and extract nutrients from the soil.
The team also found that truffles are not good at breaking down the cell walls of their parasitic plants due to the limited genes. However, truffles contain a large number of genes that produce odors (volatile organic compounds), which produce a strong odor that attracts other animals (such as pigs and truffle hounds) and helps spread the spores of truffles.
The four truffle genomes in this report reveal the genetic basis of one of the world's rarest and most expensive ingredients, and the results will greatly compensate for our serious shortcomings in related fields.
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