During the pig production process, the finishing pigs can not reach the expected body weight within the effective growth days and prolong the fattening period, resulting in increased feeding costs and reduced farming profits. This situation is caused by the following aspects, and several measures must be taken to prevent it.
First, the cause analysis
In long-term work practice, fat pigs are often delayed by the environment, variety, feed, management, disease and other factors.
1. Variety: Generally speaking, the improved pigs are fast and the fattening period is short, while the local pigs or the soil-earning combined fattening pigs grow slowly. Under normal conditions, the improved pigs can reach the weight of 100 in 150-160 days old. In kilograms, non-breed pigs are prematurely deposited due to sexual maturity and early maturity, and their growth rate is slowed down and cannot be released on time. Some pig farms blindly introduced, causing adverse effects, such as poor pig viability, stress syndrome, PSE inferior meat, etc., which slowed down the growth rate and affected the quality of pork.
2. Nutrition: The nutrients required for finishing pigs in different growth stages are different. Therefore, the nutrition of the feed should be determined according to the growth period of the pigs. Feeds with poor feed quality, malnutrition, malnutrition or low absorptivity can cause pigs to fail to achieve the expected daily gain. Long-term supply of low-protein, calcium-phosphorus ratio imbalance, trace element deficiency, vitamin deficiency or nutrient-destroyed feed can cause malnutrition in pigs, slowing down, decreasing, stagnating and even showing negative growth. If the piglets do not lay the foundation during the lactation stage, the growth rate will be slower and the disease will be easy to get. The reason is that the feed cannot be fed in time, the quality of the attractant is poor, which seriously affects its growth and development, resulting in weaker growth and slow growth of the piglets. Adding too much unsaturated fatty acids, especially spoiled fatty acids, causing vitamin damage, excessive corn content, excessive copper content, lack of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B1, can induce stomach ulcers and nutrients between pigs. Antagonism and some other diseases.
3. Management: If the feeding management system is not perfect or the implementation is not strictly enforced, the sows will be weak, the suckling pigs will not be strong, and the fattening pigs will be unhealthy and affect growth. If the primiparous sows are too early or the sows are too high, they may produce weak larvae; poor sanitation, poor ventilation, excessive or too low temperature, inadequate disinfection measures, and imperfect epidemic prevention systems often lead to pig development. Neat, poor constitution, easy to get sick. In the winter, if there is no heating equipment or insulation measures, it is easy to cause the temperature inside the house to be too low, the house is damp and cold, and the feed is frozen. If there is no cooling equipment and ventilation facilities in summer, it will easily lead to excessive temperature and humidity. Large, ammonia is too rich, the manure and urine can not be treated in time, etc., can cause pig digestive system or respiratory diseases, affecting the growth and development of finishing pigs.
4. Diseases: Due to the increase in the types of swine diseases and mixed infections, the farms adopt regular drug administration for the purpose of health and disease prevention of pigs, which leads to enhanced drug resistance of pigs, reduced beneficial bacteria in the body, and affects nutrition. Absorption of elements. For example, sulfonamides, furans, and erythromycin affect the absorption of calcium, causing weak constitution and slow growth. On the contrary, some farms have a chance to live, do not pay attention to the overall health and epidemic prevention and disinfection, and do not pay attention to vaccine prevention, such as blue ear disease, hidden swine fever, asthma, streptococcus and other diseases that affect their growth and even death. 5, other aspects: seasonal factors, excessive stress, insufficient water supply, etc.
Second, prevention and treatment methods
1. Choosing pig breeds: Lean meat pigs have higher utilization rates of feed than both combined and fat pigs, and have fast weight gain and short fattening period. Especially the father, affecting the whole audience, the excellent father should show good meat production performance, feed utilization rate, daily weight gain, slaughter rate, high lean meat rate, leg and hip muscle development, thin back and good libido Such as the production performance; the choice of the female to show good reproductive performance, more litter, strong lactation, high birth index. The Animal Development Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has 10.36 heads of Duroc litter, an average daily gain of 956 grams of 25-100 kg, and a material-to-weight ratio of 2.67:1. About 1.26 heads of live litters were produced, and the average daily gain of 25-100 kg was 922 grams, and the feed-to-weight ratio was 2.71:1. The number of live litters in Changbaiwo was 11.09, the average daily gain of 25-100 kg was 858 g, and the feed-to-weight ratio was 2.70:1. Excellent boar and sow quality ensure the survival rate, growth rate and carcass lean rate of piglets and finishing pigs, and improve economic efficiency.
2, nutrients: According to different growth stages, select nutrient-rich feed ingredients, and know the nutrients and the amount of each nutrient that each feed ingredient can provide to prepare a suitable and reasonable diet. High-quality feed ingredients should have good palatability, high digestibility and low anti-nutritional factors. The high-quality feed nutrition must meet the growth needs of pigs. The level of crude fiber is appropriate, the palatability is good, the digestion is good, the constipation is not conspicuous, the feces are not discharged, and the quality of the carcass can be produced, and the cost is low.
3. Daily management: Improve the uniformity of the group and the weight of the group. The ratio of 1-2, 3-5 and 6 after the pig farm is more reasonable at 3:6:1. This ratio is beneficial to increase the number of live pigs, strong litters and survival rate. Strengthen the feeding management of pregnant sows and lactating sows, increase feed intake during late pregnancy and lactation, increase the birth weight of piglets and the lactation of sows; suckling piglets as soon as possible to attract food, create good growth conditions, and improve weaning weight .
According to the source, variety, strength, weight and other reasonable grouping, reduce the stress, follow the principle of “remaining weak and not staying strong, splitting more and not dismantling, and not getting together at nightâ€; timely training, develop three-point positioning as soon as possible Maintain a reasonable group size and stocking density, do a good job of heatstroke prevention and cooling, winter insulation, reasonable ventilation, suitable light time and intensity, and create good growth conditions for pigs.
Strengthen the disinfection work, thoroughly rinse and disinfect the pig house before transferring it to the fattening pig. After 7 days of emptying, it should be disinfected every 7 days after the transfer. The disinfectant should be replaced every 7 days to reduce the bacterial virus content in the pig house. To do a good job in epidemic prevention and deworming, we must adhere to the principle of prevention and supplementation. Piglets are vaccinated against swine fever, pig erysipelas, piglet paratyphoid fever, asthma, edema disease, blue ear disease and other diseases before the age of 70 days.
4, feed formula: choose different feed formulas according to different seasons, such as reducing the corn content in summer, but the opposite in winter. The stress that affects pig growth, such as pig fights, frights, excessive or too low temperatures, and insufficient feed and drinking water, is avoided.
Although the fattening period is the last link of the farm, its potential factors have a great impact on the finishing pigs. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness in pig breeds, feed, feeding management, and disease prevention and control, and it is not numb, otherwise it will not be worth the candle.
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