First, the six major nutrients needed daily
Protein: The requirement is 35-40 grams, which comes from fish, meat, eggs, soybeans and various cereals.
Fat: The amount needed is 30-40 grams, which is derived from animal and vegetable oils, milk, egg yolk, and fish.
Carbohydrate: The requirement is 140-170 grams, which is derived from grains, beans, sugar, fruits and vegetables in food.
Minerals: The calcium requirement is 600 milligrams, derived from milk, eggs, fish, beans, and vegetables.
The iron requirement is 10 milligrams, which comes from liver, egg yolk, lean meat, green leafy vegetables and beans.
The zinc requirement is 10 milligrams, which is derived from animal foods as well as peanuts, broad beans, peas and so on.
The iodine requirement is 70 micrograms, which is derived from seafood and iodized salt.
The vitamin A requirement is between 1000 and 1333 IU and is derived from animal liver, cod liver oil, egg yolk, and yellow-green leafy vegetables.
The requirement for B1 is 0.6-0.7 mg, which is derived from pulses, coarse grains such as rice bran and wheat bran.
The B2 requirement is 0.6 to 0.7 mg, which is derived from milk, egg yolk, liver, and green leafy vegetables.
The C requirement is 30 to 35 mg, which is derived from fresh vegetables and fruits.
D Requires 400 international units from cod liver oil and body skin after UV exposure.
Water: The required amount is 125 to 150 milliliters per kilogram (kg) of body weight, derived from beverages and food.
Second, baby diet requirements
(A) The baby's stomach capacity is small. Before 1 and a half years old, it is advisable to use 3 meals per day and 2 snacks per day. Dim sum can be arranged in the afternoon and night; after 1 year and a half, 3 snacks per day plus a snack, snack time in the afternoon. Do not eat too much dim sum, not too close from the lunch time, but can not easily give your baby snacks or snacks, or affect the baby's appetite and food intake for dinner, over time, will cause malnutrition or malnutrition.
(b) In addition to the staple food, milk or soymilk is still the baby's basic food, and it must be guaranteed at least 250 to 500 ml per day. Soymilk is similar in nutritional value to milk, and it is inexpensive and can be consumed with milk.
(3) Food should not be oversaturated, and should be matched with the thickness. Regularly give your baby some coarse grains to avoid vitamin B1 deficiency. It is best to eat a variety of cereals at each meal to increase nutritional value.
(D) Fruits and vegetables can provide a lot of vitamin C and minerals to the baby, which is an indispensable food for the baby. Half of the baby's daily vegetable consumption should be orange-green vegetables. Common orange-green vegetables include: carrots, bell peppers, rape, celery, spinach, and young cabbage.
(v) Meat, beans, and cereals, which mainly supply protein to children. High-quality protein (meat and beans) accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of total protein, and bean protein accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of high-quality protein.
(6) Baby's poor adaptability to food, so do not eat irritating, hard, over-greasy, fried, sticky, over-sweet foods for the baby, and eat less salad and pickles. Do not suddenly change the type of food, or easily cause vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal diseases.
(7) The food must still be soft and broken, and the color, smell, taste and shape of the cooking should be emphasized to suit the baby's digestive abilities. Different colors of food can be used for cooking and different cooking methods can be used for the same food to avoid food singulation and promote baby's appetite. Such as: potato silk + green pepper wire + carrot wire; egg + cucumber diced; tofu + tomato; shrimp + cucumber d + carrot diced etc. Fish can be made of squid balls, braised fish, steamed fish, stewed fish soup; eggs can be used in different cooking methods such as scrambled eggs, steamed cakes, poached eggs, and egg soup.
Third, the baby commonly used food production methods
(a) Porridge:
Bean porridge: Red beans, soybeans, mung beans, and other kinds of beans, glutinous rice, boiled or rice porridge, plus bean flour and then cooked.
Vegetable porridge: The porridge contains fried fish, liver and other minced or egg flowers and vegetables.
Sweet porridge: sweet potato, jujube (cooked and peeled to the core), yam, potatoes, etc. Jiami boiled and then add sugar.
(b) risotto: soft rice and fried fish, liver, and then the end of the food smashed; rice steamed cake, soft rice and milk or soy milk, steamed sugar; soft rice and eggs fried vegetables steamed at the end.
(c) soft cakes: flour plus earth mud or white mud, or tofu powder with the right amount of eggs or milk, sugar or salt and green onion and mix thoroughly, spread into soft cakes, soft cakes can also be rolled bean or jujube steamed.
(D) cake: a little lard temperature, together with sugar in the pot, and then stir the eggs into a paste, then add flour, batter into a batter, pour the batter into a bowl or pot painted oil, on Casserole or oven baked for 25 minutes.
Fourth, how to increase calcium intake
According to the survey, the daily calcium intake of children in our country is 0.3-0.4 grams. If you want to ensure daily intake of milk 400 ml can increase 0.4 grams. However, the young children's intestinal absorption of calcium should have the appropriate proportion of calcium, phosphorus, or calcium and phosphorus in the intestine will be combined with each other and discharged. Because of the high content of phosphorus in food, it is necessary to increase the content of calcium in food, otherwise there will be rickets. Reasonable cooking of food can increase calcium intake. If the fish is made into crispy fish, the onions and ginger are used to make the bottom and the fish is discharged. The vinegar is simmered and simmered slowly until the fishbone and fish head are crispy and can be completely eaten. The fish's thorns, fish heads, and fish scales all become edible calcium. Another example is vinegar, so that the calcium in the eggshell is dissolved in vinegar and the vinegar and eggs are all taken. The soluble calcium can be used. Another example is when the minced meat is crushed, and the calcium of the shrimp skin is swallowed and used. When stewing broilers or costal cartilage with a pressure cooker, the broiler's bones are often stewed steadily, and the child is encouraged to crush and swallow the bones, which can increase calcium intake. Parents often pay attention to cooking, increase calcium intake, use food as much as possible, and calcium supplements can be used when there is insufficient food.
Fifth, how to prevent baby picky eaters partial eclipse
(a) cause interest:
The baby is accustomed to eating familiar foods, so you don’t need to be irritable, nervous and scold when your baby starts to appear partial eclipse. Various methods should be used to induce your baby's interest in various foods.
1 In order to make the food appear to make the baby happy and appetizing, you can make some colorful meals.
2 Until the baby is in school, if necessary, add some complementary food to each meal if it is frozen, fried potato chips or ice cream.
3 If the baby wants a knife, give her a plastic knife or an unsharp knife.
4 Let your baby use a straw to drink water. In this way she will not overturn the cup. Cut the straw up to 5 cm above the cup.
5 You can not only put ice cream in the ice cream cone, but also can put cheese, potato chips or fish salad. You can bring 3 snacks to your baby when you go out.
6 Use your brains to get some fresh stuff. Occasionally the baby's food can be placed on a doll-shaped plate or on a flat toy.
7 Encourage your baby to use his bread, chunky cheese, vegetables, and dried fruits to make food building blocks. He can use these to build a model of a house, a car or a boat, and eat it afterwards.
8 Put a variety of small items in a cake jar. Like cheese grains, frozen meat grains, raw vegetables, fruits, potato chips, cream bread with small peanuts, etc., let your baby pick what you like.
(b) Lead by example:
Your baby's eating habits are greatly affected by your parents. So parents should set an example for their baby. Don't talk about what kind of food is good for the children and what kind of food is not good; don't say what you like and what you don't like; Do not allow children to eat because they do not like to eat certain foods, or do not buy or buy less. For your baby's health, parents should change and adjust their eating habits, and strive to allow your baby to eat a variety of foods to ensure the baby's growth and development of nutrients.
(3) Diversification of food varieties and cooking methods:
Each meal type is not necessarily more, 2 to 3 kinds can be, but try to make the baby eat a variety of foods; for the baby does not like the food, can work hard in the cooking, if the child does not eat carrots, can Carrots are mixed in his favorite meat, made into balls or made into dumplings, gradually let the baby adapt.
(D) do not give up easily:
Must not find that the baby does not eat a certain food and will not do it later. It must be determined by appropriate means to gradually correct it. In addition to the above methods, you can also add a small amount of new food when the baby is hungry, and then gradually increase, so that the child slowly adapt.
(E) Do not force eating:
If you try your best, the baby is still reluctant to eat some kind of food, and you don't need to worry. You can replace it with food similar to this kind of food, or let him eat it after a while. Remember not to force the baby to eat, or loudly scold him, so that once the conditional reflexes have formed, eating has become a "difficulties", but the desire is not.
Sixth, how to enhance the baby's appetite
The appetite of infants and toddlers is not good. Parents should first find out the reasons, and then take the following reasonable measures to gradually increase the appetite of infants and young children:
(A) Infants and young children must have sufficient sleep to rest their brains. The brain development of infants and young children is not perfect, and there is a special need for protection during the activities. All good appetite for sleep is good, and lack of appetite for sleep is not good.
(b) Infants and young children must have appropriate activities. Some babies and toddlers are held in arms all day long. There is no chance for them to sit for a whole day, which is one of the reasons for the loss of appetite. Outdoor activities in the fresh air promote blood circulation and metabolism and help digestion and absorption of food. Infants and young children with proper activities will have a good appetite and certainly not make him too excited.
(3) Infants and young children must have a certain diet for a certain period of time. After 2 months, feeding can be done regularly. The interval between two feedings should be three or four hours, so that the food can be completely digested. Frail or sick infants have poor digestion and can eat fewer meals at shorter intervals. Infants and young children can eat regularly, and when they do, they will feel hungry and their appetite will not be a problem. The habit of feeding regularly at a young age can avoid difficulties in eating in the future. Children who like to eat snacks are always in a state of hunger and impoverishment. There can be no good appetite. Eating a piece of candy and a piece of chocolate after a meal is harmless; eating snacks for children before eating, even if it is a small piece of biscuit, can also affect a child’s appetite.
(D) to improve the dietary interests of infants and young children to do some attractive foods for infants and young children, such as bread, bread, rice dumplings and other foods are infants and young children love to eat; if the bread into the shape of animals, can cause Children's interest. Giving children a tableware, such as red plastic bowls, teaspoons, and helping him to lick, will increase his dietary interest.
(e) Do not force young children to eat certain foods. Some young children with small appetites say that they must eat as soon as their parents say they are. They immediately feel sick and have no appetite. Parents should maintain a calm and calm attitude towards children’s meals without discussion. Parents are overly concerned that children will have difficulty eating. Do not give more food to young children each time, you can give them several times.
(6) When young children refuse to eat, don’t be forced to talk to older children. “You can't eat now, wait until you want to eat and talk to your mother,†but don’t take your blame when you speak. Or eat very little, and will not affect health, mainly to find the reasons for the remedy. Some young children do not eat as a means to cause adults to pay attention to him and relocate. Adults must master the psychology of young children and let him know that only adults can eat well and adults can meet his reasonable demands. If the child has excessive behavior (beating, throwing things, messing up on the table, etc.), he may be allowed to leave temporarily and not to blame him for eating.
Seven, do not eat too much sugar and orange juice
Too much sugar in infants and young children will seriously consume the calcium that infants and young children need to grow and affect their health. One health
Kang's body is weakly alkaline. Sugar is an acid food that does not contain calcium. If you absorb too much sugar, the body is neutral or weak acid.
Sex. In this way, if the body wants to restore the original weak alkaline, it will inevitably consume the basic substance of the body - calcium. Specific ratio
Yes: 6 grams of sugar need to consume 8000 grams of calcium (that is, 1.4 kilograms of calcium in milk). This seriously jeopardizes the development of the skeleton. solid
However, sugar can produce heat in the body, but it is not available as a nutrient necessary for health. So, eat less sugar
Drinks such as sugary orange juice are good for the health of the human body, especially children.
Eight, do not give your baby food
(a) The whole hard shell (b) The burst shell
(3) Very rough, raw bread with whole grains of wheat (4) Small pieces of raw fruit or vegetables
(E) Fruits with seeds or kernels (such as oranges, oranges) (6) Peelless fruit without peeling
(7) Very thick seasoning food (unless the baby really likes it or points out to eat)
(8) Special salty foods (9) Sugary drinks
Nine, teach baby to be organized
Some babies like to play while they are dining. They don't concentrate on eating and often eat dirty and messy. You have to be patient with this. for
Having a pleasant meal time and minimizing your work, you must follow the instructions below. Remember to stay tidy and Xiaobao
Bao's dining pleasure is complementary.
(a) Place a plastic tablecloth under a high chair so that you can easily clean the sprinkled food. Or spread around high chairs
Newspapers can be closed after meals.
(b) Draw a circle on the high chair's tray and tell the little baby that this is where the cup is placed. Let the baby put in accordance with the circle
The cup is seen as a game.
(3) The vast majority of babies do not like to wipe their faces with a cloth. To do this, you can immerse your hands in water and wipe them with your hands.
Baby's face. The baby is welcome, and the baby's face can be washed clean.
(D) If your baby is unorganized when eating, messy and messy, you will wash him before the wash basin. in
He can play with water when washing his hands.
(e) If the baby is sitting in a high chair and refuses to leave, you will put his little hand in a bowl filled with water, then
Rub it clean with a towel.
Tenth, develop good eating habits
(I) Regular meals:
Give your baby a quiet and happy mood half an hour before meals. Don't over-excite or fatigue. Don't scold your child.
Free from affecting appetite. If the baby is playing happily, he should not be interrupted immediately. Instead, he should be told a few minutes in advance: “I’m going to eat
"If he is still obsessed with the toys in his hands, let the baby help adults to put the dishes, which will distract him."
Increase your interest in eating and make it possible to eat on time.
(B) do not joke when eating, do not play toys, do not watch TV, keep the environment quiet, cultivate the habit of focusing on eating baby;
According to the baby's daily nutritional needs to arrange the amount of food, so that the baby develop a habit of quantitative diet. Baby eats less food at a meal
Do not force eating, so as not to cause children anorexia. Can not urge children while eating, but let children chews;
Bao prepares a clean napkin so that he wipes his mouth at any time to keep his meals healthy; he must let his baby swallow the last bite to get away
Open the dining table; pay attention to rub mouth and keep the table clean after dinner.
(c) The daily child’s diet should be arranged according to the recipe, and as many foods as possible should be selected according to local conditions and seasons.
Children love to eat all kinds of food, not picky eaters, not partial eclipse. The foods that are particularly delicious on the table should be properly allocated according to the number of people eating.
Raise your baby's good habits of caring for others and not alone. Pay attention to the desktop cleanliness, complete tableware, hygiene, suitable food and cold
degree.
(D) patiently develop the baby's ability to properly use cutlery and independent meals. Parents can hold a small bowl of rice in a bowl
The baby holds the bowl in one hand and spoon in the other to eat. It is not advisable to teach the baby to use rice with a spoon every time to reduce the amount of rice that spills on the table.
Vegetables; When the children eat almost, the parents give help to feed the finished meal to ensure that the child is full. The skills to eat in your baby
When you are not fully mastered, you must be patiently guided, avoid brutal treatment or substituting for replacement, and develop child dependence. To encourage your baby
After eating the food in the bowl, praise your baby's progress in a timely manner to enhance your baby's enthusiasm and self-confidence. 1 year and a half
You can begin to train your baby to learn to use chopsticks, wipe your mouth with a napkin, and wipe your hands.
(e) Carefully explain or ask various food names, colors, and cooking methods when taking care of your baby's diet.
Bao not only gains knowledge, but also improves the ability to express speech.