Determining Breeding Direction Breeding is one of the most basic and important long-term tasks in the breeding industry. It is of great significance to improving the production performance and quality of alfalfa herds and breeding new varieties. Therefore, its breeding direction should be to cultivate good varieties with good fur quality, strong adaptability, high reproductive rate, strong vitality and large size.
The specific practice of breeding must implement a breeding method that combines “breeding this breed†with “hybridization and improvementâ€, combining breeding work with improving feed, and combining popularization and improvement. Small-scale farms and specialized households should also pay attention to the breeding of alfalfa species. Introduced fine varieties should be introduced to ensure that the varieties do not degenerate.
Water lily seed selection is the foundation of breeding. According to the breeding goals, the selection is best, and at least 3 seedlings are selected each year, namely primary selection, selective selection and selection.
The primaries were performed before and after the sub-fault. The selection of adult species is mainly based on breeding conditions during the breeding period and maternal feeding period, and the initial selection of the sub-family in the current year is carried out.
The selection of adult male crickets should be based on the selection of species, early mating, gentle temperament, strong mating ability (more than 8 mating times), good semen quality, low fertility rate, and high number of births; Eliminated.
Adult females choose to have normal estrus, good mating, short gestation period (less than 55 days), childbirth (before May 15th), lots of childbirth (more than 5), strong maternality, enough milk, and childbirth. Normally developed females continue to be kept. All those who do not have the above conditions will be eliminated.
The child's choice of childbearing was selected as early as possible (before May 5, before the mother-in-law was on May 10), normal development, clear pedigree, and strong seeding. The child should stay 30% to 50% more than the plan number.
The election is repeated from September to October every year. In the adult species, except for a few illnesses and poor recovery of physical fitness, the majority of primary elections will remain unchanged. At this time, the growth and development of young larvae have been basically established, and they can be selected on the basis of primaries. To select individual individuals with normal growth, good plush quality, strong physique, large body size, and early hair replacement. Eliminate individuals who are often ill, stunted, and change hair late. The election should be 20%~25% higher than the planned number of species.
The selection is performed before skinning in mid-late November. Comprehensive identification of all pre-selected species, and final selection by plan. When selecting a group, the selection should focus on plush quality. The standard blisters require dark coat color (close to black), uniform body coat, moderate length of needles and downs (sampling on both sides of the midline, hair length 2.5 cm or less, plush 1.5 cm or more), and the ratio is appropriate (the ratio of needle and villi is 1:0.65 Above), the coat is evenly distributed, the peaks are even and shiny, and there is no white spot or white spot below the submandibular area. The total body is free from stray hair. Large size, strong body, no disease. Male mastiffs are thick, with long tails and fluffy, often with a raised tail. When cull weight is more than 2 kilograms, the body length is 42 centimeters or more. The female body has a slightly slender body, wide buttocks, and a small head, slightly inverted triangle. Weight 850 grams or more, body length 37 cm or more. Short, thick and fat should not be kept. The proportion of male and female cockroaches is 1:3 to 1:4. Priority should be given to selecting old people, and the insufficient part should be supplemented with young ones. The proportion of young children should not exceed 40% of the group.
The selection of matching leeches is the continuation of the selection work. The purpose is to inherit, consolidate, and improve the good quality of both parents in order to obtain the ideal offspring.
Homogeneous matching is to select male and female mating with large body size, strong fertility, and similar quality of fur quality, so that future generations can consolidate and develop these advantages.
Heterogeneous selection selects male and female cockroaches with different advantages for mating, and obtains offspring with different advantages of both parents in offspring. Or choose to mate with males and females with different qualities of identity (the quality of public funds must be better than that of females) so as to ensure that the quality performance of future generations is improved.
Matching farms that are selected for production purposes should, in principle, eliminate inbreeding, that is, males and females within three generations are not allowed to mate. Inbreeding can result in decreased viability and fertility, reduced size, and reduced fur quality. Sometimes malformations occur. The closer the kinship and the longer the time, the more serious the consequences.
The selection of the age of the selected species has a certain influence on the production effect. Generally 2 to 3 years old, the species is relatively stable in heredity, and the matching effect is also better. Therefore, at the time of age matching, adult male and female cockroaches aged 2 to 3 should be used for mating, or adult juveniles with adult female cockroaches and adult male cockroaches with juvenile mother cocks. Minimize mating between male and female infants.
In principle, body size should be large, large, medium and small. Can not be big with small, small with large or small with small.
Purebred Breeding and Hybridization When a certain type of leeches already has breeding requirements and no major improvements are required, purebred breeding can be used to maintain and consolidate the excellent qualities of this type, selecting the best ones and eliminating them every year, and continuously expanding the population. When mating between two or more different lines, varieties or types, it is called cross breeding.
At present, there are three hybrid methods commonly used in breeding industry.
The purpose of advanced progressive hybridization is to introduce a small amount of excellent leeches to cross with the original low-quality maggots, so that the progeny of breeding are close to or reach the level of introduced pods, thereby improving the quality of the original fleas. The method is to first hybridize the introduced species with the original species, and then backcross the hybrid generation with the introduced species. The second-generation hybrid is also backcrossed with the introduced species. By analogy, the result is that the proportion of good traits in the offspring is getting higher and higher. Progressive hybridization is generally carried out from the 3rd to the 4th generations, followed by natural breeding. This method is especially suitable for small and medium-sized farms and specialized households.
The three-line hybrids were first crossed with two different strains, and then the mothers were selected from the obtained hybrids and then crossed with the males of the third line.
The crossbred is first crossed with two pure lines, and then the good females are selected from the first generation and are mated with the males of one of the two pure lines. This is followed by a round of crossbreeding. This type of hybridization is called two-line reincarnation. Hybridization. Three pure lines are called three-line recurrent crosses. The advantages of three-line hybrids and recurrent hybrids are to increase the quality of leeches and to avoid inbreeding. This method is suitable for large and medium-sized farms.
To establish a breeding core group on the basis of careful seed selection, a core group consisting of the most ideal primary species. The core group is always the group with the highest quality in the audience, and it is necessary to strictly eliminate the undesired generations. The seed group of the core group is continuously expanding to the production group to gradually replace the original production group, so that the production performance and quality of the entire group of cockroaches will continue to increase.
The specific practice of breeding must implement a breeding method that combines “breeding this breed†with “hybridization and improvementâ€, combining breeding work with improving feed, and combining popularization and improvement. Small-scale farms and specialized households should also pay attention to the breeding of alfalfa species. Introduced fine varieties should be introduced to ensure that the varieties do not degenerate.
Water lily seed selection is the foundation of breeding. According to the breeding goals, the selection is best, and at least 3 seedlings are selected each year, namely primary selection, selective selection and selection.
The primaries were performed before and after the sub-fault. The selection of adult species is mainly based on breeding conditions during the breeding period and maternal feeding period, and the initial selection of the sub-family in the current year is carried out.
The selection of adult male crickets should be based on the selection of species, early mating, gentle temperament, strong mating ability (more than 8 mating times), good semen quality, low fertility rate, and high number of births; Eliminated.
Adult females choose to have normal estrus, good mating, short gestation period (less than 55 days), childbirth (before May 15th), lots of childbirth (more than 5), strong maternality, enough milk, and childbirth. Normally developed females continue to be kept. All those who do not have the above conditions will be eliminated.
The child's choice of childbearing was selected as early as possible (before May 5, before the mother-in-law was on May 10), normal development, clear pedigree, and strong seeding. The child should stay 30% to 50% more than the plan number.
The election is repeated from September to October every year. In the adult species, except for a few illnesses and poor recovery of physical fitness, the majority of primary elections will remain unchanged. At this time, the growth and development of young larvae have been basically established, and they can be selected on the basis of primaries. To select individual individuals with normal growth, good plush quality, strong physique, large body size, and early hair replacement. Eliminate individuals who are often ill, stunted, and change hair late. The election should be 20%~25% higher than the planned number of species.
The selection is performed before skinning in mid-late November. Comprehensive identification of all pre-selected species, and final selection by plan. When selecting a group, the selection should focus on plush quality. The standard blisters require dark coat color (close to black), uniform body coat, moderate length of needles and downs (sampling on both sides of the midline, hair length 2.5 cm or less, plush 1.5 cm or more), and the ratio is appropriate (the ratio of needle and villi is 1:0.65 Above), the coat is evenly distributed, the peaks are even and shiny, and there is no white spot or white spot below the submandibular area. The total body is free from stray hair. Large size, strong body, no disease. Male mastiffs are thick, with long tails and fluffy, often with a raised tail. When cull weight is more than 2 kilograms, the body length is 42 centimeters or more. The female body has a slightly slender body, wide buttocks, and a small head, slightly inverted triangle. Weight 850 grams or more, body length 37 cm or more. Short, thick and fat should not be kept. The proportion of male and female cockroaches is 1:3 to 1:4. Priority should be given to selecting old people, and the insufficient part should be supplemented with young ones. The proportion of young children should not exceed 40% of the group.
The selection of matching leeches is the continuation of the selection work. The purpose is to inherit, consolidate, and improve the good quality of both parents in order to obtain the ideal offspring.
Homogeneous matching is to select male and female mating with large body size, strong fertility, and similar quality of fur quality, so that future generations can consolidate and develop these advantages.
Heterogeneous selection selects male and female cockroaches with different advantages for mating, and obtains offspring with different advantages of both parents in offspring. Or choose to mate with males and females with different qualities of identity (the quality of public funds must be better than that of females) so as to ensure that the quality performance of future generations is improved.
Matching farms that are selected for production purposes should, in principle, eliminate inbreeding, that is, males and females within three generations are not allowed to mate. Inbreeding can result in decreased viability and fertility, reduced size, and reduced fur quality. Sometimes malformations occur. The closer the kinship and the longer the time, the more serious the consequences.
The selection of the age of the selected species has a certain influence on the production effect. Generally 2 to 3 years old, the species is relatively stable in heredity, and the matching effect is also better. Therefore, at the time of age matching, adult male and female cockroaches aged 2 to 3 should be used for mating, or adult juveniles with adult female cockroaches and adult male cockroaches with juvenile mother cocks. Minimize mating between male and female infants.
In principle, body size should be large, large, medium and small. Can not be big with small, small with large or small with small.
Purebred Breeding and Hybridization When a certain type of leeches already has breeding requirements and no major improvements are required, purebred breeding can be used to maintain and consolidate the excellent qualities of this type, selecting the best ones and eliminating them every year, and continuously expanding the population. When mating between two or more different lines, varieties or types, it is called cross breeding.
At present, there are three hybrid methods commonly used in breeding industry.
The purpose of advanced progressive hybridization is to introduce a small amount of excellent leeches to cross with the original low-quality maggots, so that the progeny of breeding are close to or reach the level of introduced pods, thereby improving the quality of the original fleas. The method is to first hybridize the introduced species with the original species, and then backcross the hybrid generation with the introduced species. The second-generation hybrid is also backcrossed with the introduced species. By analogy, the result is that the proportion of good traits in the offspring is getting higher and higher. Progressive hybridization is generally carried out from the 3rd to the 4th generations, followed by natural breeding. This method is especially suitable for small and medium-sized farms and specialized households.
The three-line hybrids were first crossed with two different strains, and then the mothers were selected from the obtained hybrids and then crossed with the males of the third line.
The crossbred is first crossed with two pure lines, and then the good females are selected from the first generation and are mated with the males of one of the two pure lines. This is followed by a round of crossbreeding. This type of hybridization is called two-line reincarnation. Hybridization. Three pure lines are called three-line recurrent crosses. The advantages of three-line hybrids and recurrent hybrids are to increase the quality of leeches and to avoid inbreeding. This method is suitable for large and medium-sized farms.
To establish a breeding core group on the basis of careful seed selection, a core group consisting of the most ideal primary species. The core group is always the group with the highest quality in the audience, and it is necessary to strictly eliminate the undesired generations. The seed group of the core group is continuously expanding to the production group to gradually replace the original production group, so that the production performance and quality of the entire group of cockroaches will continue to increase.
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