Mama Ewe Feed Preparation Technology

The primary goal of feeding cotton-fed ewes is to achieve optimal nutrition through a scientifically balanced combination of various feed sources, while also minimizing feed costs and maximizing efficiency. This approach ensures that the animals receive all necessary nutrients without unnecessary waste. To illustrate this process, we will use 60 kg adult cotton ewes as an example to explain the feed formulation techniques used in shed-feeding under suitable conditions. 1. **Determine Feeding Standards** Since there is no national standard for feeding cotton ewes, we refer to the nutritional guidelines established by the National Research Council (NRC) for ramie ewes in the United States. These guidelines are divided into four distinct stages based on the ewe’s physiological condition: - **Stage 1**: Non-lactating or the first 15 weeks of pregnancy. - **Stage 2**: The last 6 weeks of pregnancy or the last 8 weeks of lactation. - **Stage 3**: 8 weeks before lambing or the last 8 weeks of twin nursing. - **Stage 4**: 8 weeks before weaning. Each stage has different nutritional requirements, especially regarding protein, energy, and vitamins. 2. **Select Feed Ingredients** To create a diverse and nutritious diet, we choose a mix of roughages such as Leymus chinense, alfalfa hay, corn stalks, and straw, with a ratio of 2:1:5:2. For concentrates, we mainly use corn, wheat bran, and soybean meal (or bean cake), adjusting the mix depending on the stage of the ewe. In **Stages 1 and 2**, when protein needs are lower, the concentrate is made from corn and wheat bran in a 6:4 ratio. In **Stages 3 and 4**, where higher protein levels are required, we add soybean meal to the mix at a ratio of 6:3:1 (corn:wheat bran:soybean meal). 3. **Feed Formulation and Intake per Stage** (1) **Stage 1**: Roughage (daily amount: 0.92 kg) – 25% Leymus chinense, 10% alfalfa hay, 50% corn stalk, 20% straw. Concentrate (daily amount: 0.545 kg) – 68.81% corn, 28.4% wheat bran, 2.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.55% salt. (2) **Stage 2**: Roughage (daily amount: 1.52 kg) – same as above. Concentrate (daily amount: 0.661 kg) – 46.29% corn, 50.38% wheat bran, 2.87% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.46% salt. This formula lacks 6.13 mg of carotene daily, which can be supplemented with 0.2 kg of carrots. Vitamin A and D can be added using a commercial vitamin A-D supplement according to the manufacturer's instructions. (3) **Stage 3**: Roughage (daily amount: 1.02 kg) – 20% Leymus chinense, 10% alfalfa hay, 50% corn stover, 20% straw. Concentrate (daily amount: 1.58 kg) – 65.54% corn, 29.15% wheat bran, 2.41% soybean meal, 2.41% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.49% salt. (4) **Stage 4**: Roughage (daily amount: 1.19 kg) – same as Stage 3. Concentrate (daily amount: 1.77 kg) – 61.16% corn, 29.23% wheat bran, 6.97% soybean meal, 2.15% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.49% salt. By following these carefully designed feed formulations, farmers can ensure that their cotton ewes receive balanced nutrition throughout the year, supporting both health and productivity.

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