First, China's pollution-free food action plan The guiding ideology for the implementation of the “pollution-free food action plan†is to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products, especially the “caijinzi†products, and to standardize the quality and safety of agricultural products, supervise inspection and inspection systems, The certification system, law enforcement system, production technology promotion system and market information system are the key points. From the two areas of production and market, the quality control of agricultural products from the “farm to the table†is implemented, and the pollution-free production and industry of agricultural products are promoted. Management.
Work plan: Strive to use 8-10 years or less to greatly improve the quality and safety of China's agricultural products, basically meet the quality and safety standards of similar foreign products, meet the increasing needs of urban and rural residents' living standards, and fully enhance China's International market competitiveness of agricultural products.
Work Objectives: Beginning in 2001, we will carry out experiments on “foods without pollution†in four cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Shenzhen. We will strive to achieve pollution-free production from farmland to table for 2-3 years or so. Management; to solve the problem of “rest assured vegetables†(fruit, meat, eggs, milk, fish) in low-income residents and laid-off workers in four major cities in one year or so; the qualified rate of spot checks in the quality and safety of vegetable products reaches more than 75%; . At the same time, select a county (region, city, farm) in East China, South China, North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, and Southwest China to establish a demonstration base for the production of standard agricultural products, organize production of agricultural products in strict accordance with standards, implement industrialized management, and explore the production of pollution-free foods Experience in controlling the entire process of the market. Encourage all localities to proceed from reality and arrange their own production and demonstration bases for agricultural products.
Starting from 2002, on the basis of summing up the pilot work experience, we will select some agricultural products from some large and medium-sized cities (mainly provincial capital cities and planned cities) and implement quality control from the “farmland to the tableâ€. After two years of hard work, 30% of vegetables, fruits, and tea are produced in strict accordance with standards, and 30% of agricultural products are to be marketed. The passing rate of product quality and safety inspection in the market reached more than 80%, the pass rate of slaughter and quarantine for pigs and chickens reached 100%, and the pass rate for spot testing of pork and chicken products in quality and safety reached more than 70%; For key aquatic products, 50% of them should be produced in accordance with standards, and the qualified rate of freshwater fish products in the quality and safety market should exceed 75%.
Since 2005, the state of fishery water pollution has been initially alleviated, basically solving the problem of pesticide residues, pesticide residues and toxic and hazardous substances. More than 75% of aquatic products must be produced in accordance with standards, such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish and kelp. The qualified rate of the leading aquatic product quality and safety inspections in the market reached more than 90%, and the ability of export of aquatic products to earn foreign exchange continued to grow.
II. Jiangsu Province Action Plan for Pollution-free Aquatic Products According to the new requirements of China's agricultural marketization and internationalization, the guiding ideology for implementing the action plan of the pollution-free aquatic products is: to ensure the safety and quality of aquatic products, and to focus on the “big products and famous productsâ€. And export products, with the focus on scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation as the driving force, accelerating the establishment of fishery standardization systems, detection systems and pollution-free aquatic product bases, gradually advancing the market-based personnel system for pollution-free aquatic products, and strengthening the overall quality management of aquatic products. We will raise the level of safety and quality of aquatic products, increase the market competitiveness of aquatic products, and make contributions to the realization of the strategic restructuring of fisheries and the “double increase†of fishery.
During the “10th Five-Year Plan†and the period up to 2010, the main goal of the implementation of the Action Plan for the NPP-Free Aquatic Products is to strengthen the leadership, increase investment, and speed up construction, and initially establish and improve the fishery standard system, production technology promotion system, inspection and inspection system, and quality. The evaluation system, legal security system and market information system form a relatively advanced technology, standardized management and international standards, leading in the country's leading fishery standardization system, implementation of the entire process from the "water to the table" quality control, push pollution-free aquatic products Production and industrial management. The safety and quality of bulk aquatic products have basically reached pollution-free local or national standards, and famous and high-quality aquatic products have reached the national standards for pollution-free aquatic products, and exported aquatic products have reached international standards or quality standards of similar foreign products. At the same time, nurture and create a number of brand-name high-quality aquatic products with strong competitiveness and high market share.
Third, the pollution-free aquatic products production technology points The production technology of pollution-free aquatic products should cover the entire process of production of aquatic products, including the pre-production, production, post-production and other aspects of aquatic products, is an organic whole. The main technologies and requirements include the following three parts:
(1) Quality requirements for eco-environmental production areas for pollution-free aquatic products Optimum selection of environment for the production environment of pollution-free aquatic products is the prerequisite for the production of pollution-free aquatic products. The environmental quality requirements for producing areas include the requirements for water quality of fisheries without pollution, atmospheric environmental quality, and soil environmental quality in fishery waters.
The indicators for freshwater fishery water quality requirements shall comply with the provisions of the Ministry of Agriculture's industry standard NY5051-2001 "Water Quality Standards for Non-Hazardous Food Freshwater Aquaculture". The indicators of seawater quality shall comply with the provisions of NY5052-2001 "Water Quality Standards for Harmless Food Aquaculture".
The production of pollution-free aquatic products limits the concentration of four pollutants to atmospheric environmental quality, that is, total suspended particulates (TSP), sulfur dioxide (S02), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and fluoride (F), and the concentration should meet GB3095 - 1996 "Environmental air quality standards" provisions.
The production of pollution-free aquatic products limits the content of mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium (hexavalent), copper, zinc, hexachlorobiphenyl, and DDT to the soil environmental quality of fishery waters, and its residue should conform to GBl5618-1995. Land Environmental Quality Standards.
(2) Technical Specifications for Production of Harmless Aquatic Products The technical specifications for the production of nuisance-free aquatic products include the use of fishery medicines, feeds, pesticides, and fertilizers, quality control of the processing process, and packaging techniques. The use of fishery drugs, pesticides, and feed in the production of pollution-free aquatic products is one of the key links in the quality control of aquatic products. The irrational use of fishery medicine, feed, pesticides and fertilizers not only causes environmental pollution, but also causes excessive drug residues in aquatic products.
1. Guidelines for the use of fishery drugs The prevention and control of diseases, insects, and predator organisms in the process of breeding non-pollution aquatic animals, adhering to the principle of “comprehensive prevention and active treatmentâ€, emphasizing the principle of “preventing the combination of prevention and treatment, prevention and control†and promoting ecological integration Prevent and control the use of biological agents and Chinese herbal medicines to prevent and control diseases and insect pests; promote healthy aquaculture technology, improve the ecological environment of aquaculture waters, scientific and rational polyculture and close-in, and use highly efficient, low-toxicity, low-residue fishery drugs; the use of fishery drugs must strictly comply with the State Council. The relevant regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture prohibit the use of fishery medicines that have not obtained production licenses, approval numbers, and product implementation standards; the use of mercury nitrate, malachite green, sodium pentachlorophenol, and chloramphenicol is prohibited.
The use of fishery drugs is permitted to refer to NY5071-2002 "Guidelines for the Use of Non-Hazardous Food and Fishery Medicines."
2. Feed Usage Guidelines The type and amount of growth promoters, vitamins, amino acids, dehullers, minerals, antioxidants, or preservatives used in feeds should comply with relevant national regulations and standards; no nationally banned drugs should be added to feeds. Prevent disease or promote production. Do not add veterinary drugs for feed additives that have not been approved by the Ministry of Agriculture.
Hygiene indicators and limits for feed used for the cultivation of pollution-free aquatic products are referenced in NY5072-2002 "Safeguarding Limits of Non-Hazardous Foods and Feeds for Compound Feeds" o
3. Guidelines for the use of pesticides The prevention and control of harmful organisms such as diseases, insects, grasses and rodents during the cultivation of pollution-free aquatic products in paddy fields adheres to the principle of prevention and comprehensive prevention and control and strictly controls the use of chemical pesticides. High-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides should be used, including buprofezin, methamidophos, rice bran, leaf dry fungicide, carbendazim and jinggangmycin. Herbicides and high toxicity, high residue, and three Cause (teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic) pesticides. The specific use should comply with the provisions of NY5055-2001 "Technical Code for Non-pollution Food Rice Paddy Fish Farming".
Before the use of pesticides in paddy fields, the water level of paddy fields should be increased, and the spraying method should be adopted to divide the fields and spray them every other day to minimize the falling of the liquid (powder) into the water. If there are signs of poisoning in the breeding objects, change the water in time to rescue them.
4. Guidelines for the use of fertilizers The application of fertilizers to aquaculture waters is an important technical means for supplementing water body nutrients and improving the productivity of water bodies. However, improper application (referring to overdosage) can also lead to deterioration of water quality in aquaculture waters and environmental pollution, resulting in eutrophication of natural water bodies. Fertilization is mainly used for pond culture, and the target species for breeding are mainly cockroaches, cockroaches, cockroaches, cockroaches, and tilapia.
Fertilizers include organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. Approved organic fertilizers include: compost, manure, manure, green manure, biogas manure, fermented manure, etc.; permitted inorganic fertilizers include: urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, calcium superphosphate, diammonium phosphate , monoammonium phosphate, lime, calcium carbonate and some complex inorganic fertilizers. Fertilizer application method and quantity can refer to SC/T1016.5-1995 "China pond fish culture technical specifications, the Yangtze River area food fish feeding technology" requirements.
5. Process Quality Control Guidelines Raw materials for processing of pollution-free aquatic products should come from non-pollution aquatic product bases, quality is fresh, and the physicochemical, safety and health indicators should meet the quality requirements of the corresponding pollution-free aquatic products; raw materials should be preserved and maintained during transportation. Living measures; transport tools, storage containers, storage sites must be clean and sanitary.
The environmental hygiene of pollution-free aquatic products processing factories, cold storages and warehouses, hygiene of processing procedures, hygienic packaging, storage and transportation safety and sanitation inspection and management, etc. shall comply with GBl2694-90 "Hygienic specifications for meat processing plants" and SC/T3009-1999. Aquatic Products Processing Quality Management Regulations.
Stainless steel materials should be used for tools and consoles that come into contact with raw materials. Storage containers should be made of materials that are non-toxic, odorless, non-absorbent, resistant to corrosion, and withstand repeated rinsing and disinfection. The surface is smooth and free of pits or cracks.
The pollution-free aquatic product processing water shall meet the requirements of GB5749-1985 "Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water"; the seawater used shall meet the first category specified in GB3077-1997 "Sea Water Quality Standard"; the ice used in the production process shall conform to SC/T900l— 1984 "artificial ice" requirements.
No unlicensed food additive shall be used in the processing of pollution-free aquatic products. If additives are required during the production process, the type, quantity, and method of adding additives must meet the requirements of GB2760-1996 "Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives". The use of additives, such as pigments, preservatives, and quality improvers prohibited by the State, may not be used.
6. Packaging Requirements Packaging materials must be approved by the State for use in food materials. The materials used must be kept clean and kept in a dry and ventilated special store. The internal and external packaging materials should be stored separately. The packaging of products directly in contact with aquatic products must meet the requirements for food hygiene and must not cause direct and indirect contamination of the contents.
Work plan: Strive to use 8-10 years or less to greatly improve the quality and safety of China's agricultural products, basically meet the quality and safety standards of similar foreign products, meet the increasing needs of urban and rural residents' living standards, and fully enhance China's International market competitiveness of agricultural products.
Work Objectives: Beginning in 2001, we will carry out experiments on “foods without pollution†in four cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Shenzhen. We will strive to achieve pollution-free production from farmland to table for 2-3 years or so. Management; to solve the problem of “rest assured vegetables†(fruit, meat, eggs, milk, fish) in low-income residents and laid-off workers in four major cities in one year or so; the qualified rate of spot checks in the quality and safety of vegetable products reaches more than 75%; . At the same time, select a county (region, city, farm) in East China, South China, North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, and Southwest China to establish a demonstration base for the production of standard agricultural products, organize production of agricultural products in strict accordance with standards, implement industrialized management, and explore the production of pollution-free foods Experience in controlling the entire process of the market. Encourage all localities to proceed from reality and arrange their own production and demonstration bases for agricultural products.
Starting from 2002, on the basis of summing up the pilot work experience, we will select some agricultural products from some large and medium-sized cities (mainly provincial capital cities and planned cities) and implement quality control from the “farmland to the tableâ€. After two years of hard work, 30% of vegetables, fruits, and tea are produced in strict accordance with standards, and 30% of agricultural products are to be marketed. The passing rate of product quality and safety inspection in the market reached more than 80%, the pass rate of slaughter and quarantine for pigs and chickens reached 100%, and the pass rate for spot testing of pork and chicken products in quality and safety reached more than 70%; For key aquatic products, 50% of them should be produced in accordance with standards, and the qualified rate of freshwater fish products in the quality and safety market should exceed 75%.
Since 2005, the state of fishery water pollution has been initially alleviated, basically solving the problem of pesticide residues, pesticide residues and toxic and hazardous substances. More than 75% of aquatic products must be produced in accordance with standards, such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish and kelp. The qualified rate of the leading aquatic product quality and safety inspections in the market reached more than 90%, and the ability of export of aquatic products to earn foreign exchange continued to grow.
II. Jiangsu Province Action Plan for Pollution-free Aquatic Products According to the new requirements of China's agricultural marketization and internationalization, the guiding ideology for implementing the action plan of the pollution-free aquatic products is: to ensure the safety and quality of aquatic products, and to focus on the “big products and famous productsâ€. And export products, with the focus on scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation as the driving force, accelerating the establishment of fishery standardization systems, detection systems and pollution-free aquatic product bases, gradually advancing the market-based personnel system for pollution-free aquatic products, and strengthening the overall quality management of aquatic products. We will raise the level of safety and quality of aquatic products, increase the market competitiveness of aquatic products, and make contributions to the realization of the strategic restructuring of fisheries and the “double increase†of fishery.
During the “10th Five-Year Plan†and the period up to 2010, the main goal of the implementation of the Action Plan for the NPP-Free Aquatic Products is to strengthen the leadership, increase investment, and speed up construction, and initially establish and improve the fishery standard system, production technology promotion system, inspection and inspection system, and quality. The evaluation system, legal security system and market information system form a relatively advanced technology, standardized management and international standards, leading in the country's leading fishery standardization system, implementation of the entire process from the "water to the table" quality control, push pollution-free aquatic products Production and industrial management. The safety and quality of bulk aquatic products have basically reached pollution-free local or national standards, and famous and high-quality aquatic products have reached the national standards for pollution-free aquatic products, and exported aquatic products have reached international standards or quality standards of similar foreign products. At the same time, nurture and create a number of brand-name high-quality aquatic products with strong competitiveness and high market share.
Third, the pollution-free aquatic products production technology points The production technology of pollution-free aquatic products should cover the entire process of production of aquatic products, including the pre-production, production, post-production and other aspects of aquatic products, is an organic whole. The main technologies and requirements include the following three parts:
(1) Quality requirements for eco-environmental production areas for pollution-free aquatic products Optimum selection of environment for the production environment of pollution-free aquatic products is the prerequisite for the production of pollution-free aquatic products. The environmental quality requirements for producing areas include the requirements for water quality of fisheries without pollution, atmospheric environmental quality, and soil environmental quality in fishery waters.
The indicators for freshwater fishery water quality requirements shall comply with the provisions of the Ministry of Agriculture's industry standard NY5051-2001 "Water Quality Standards for Non-Hazardous Food Freshwater Aquaculture". The indicators of seawater quality shall comply with the provisions of NY5052-2001 "Water Quality Standards for Harmless Food Aquaculture".
The production of pollution-free aquatic products limits the concentration of four pollutants to atmospheric environmental quality, that is, total suspended particulates (TSP), sulfur dioxide (S02), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and fluoride (F), and the concentration should meet GB3095 - 1996 "Environmental air quality standards" provisions.
The production of pollution-free aquatic products limits the content of mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium (hexavalent), copper, zinc, hexachlorobiphenyl, and DDT to the soil environmental quality of fishery waters, and its residue should conform to GBl5618-1995. Land Environmental Quality Standards.
(2) Technical Specifications for Production of Harmless Aquatic Products The technical specifications for the production of nuisance-free aquatic products include the use of fishery medicines, feeds, pesticides, and fertilizers, quality control of the processing process, and packaging techniques. The use of fishery drugs, pesticides, and feed in the production of pollution-free aquatic products is one of the key links in the quality control of aquatic products. The irrational use of fishery medicine, feed, pesticides and fertilizers not only causes environmental pollution, but also causes excessive drug residues in aquatic products.
1. Guidelines for the use of fishery drugs The prevention and control of diseases, insects, and predator organisms in the process of breeding non-pollution aquatic animals, adhering to the principle of “comprehensive prevention and active treatmentâ€, emphasizing the principle of “preventing the combination of prevention and treatment, prevention and control†and promoting ecological integration Prevent and control the use of biological agents and Chinese herbal medicines to prevent and control diseases and insect pests; promote healthy aquaculture technology, improve the ecological environment of aquaculture waters, scientific and rational polyculture and close-in, and use highly efficient, low-toxicity, low-residue fishery drugs; the use of fishery drugs must strictly comply with the State Council. The relevant regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture prohibit the use of fishery medicines that have not obtained production licenses, approval numbers, and product implementation standards; the use of mercury nitrate, malachite green, sodium pentachlorophenol, and chloramphenicol is prohibited.
The use of fishery drugs is permitted to refer to NY5071-2002 "Guidelines for the Use of Non-Hazardous Food and Fishery Medicines."
2. Feed Usage Guidelines The type and amount of growth promoters, vitamins, amino acids, dehullers, minerals, antioxidants, or preservatives used in feeds should comply with relevant national regulations and standards; no nationally banned drugs should be added to feeds. Prevent disease or promote production. Do not add veterinary drugs for feed additives that have not been approved by the Ministry of Agriculture.
Hygiene indicators and limits for feed used for the cultivation of pollution-free aquatic products are referenced in NY5072-2002 "Safeguarding Limits of Non-Hazardous Foods and Feeds for Compound Feeds" o
3. Guidelines for the use of pesticides The prevention and control of harmful organisms such as diseases, insects, grasses and rodents during the cultivation of pollution-free aquatic products in paddy fields adheres to the principle of prevention and comprehensive prevention and control and strictly controls the use of chemical pesticides. High-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides should be used, including buprofezin, methamidophos, rice bran, leaf dry fungicide, carbendazim and jinggangmycin. Herbicides and high toxicity, high residue, and three Cause (teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic) pesticides. The specific use should comply with the provisions of NY5055-2001 "Technical Code for Non-pollution Food Rice Paddy Fish Farming".
Before the use of pesticides in paddy fields, the water level of paddy fields should be increased, and the spraying method should be adopted to divide the fields and spray them every other day to minimize the falling of the liquid (powder) into the water. If there are signs of poisoning in the breeding objects, change the water in time to rescue them.
4. Guidelines for the use of fertilizers The application of fertilizers to aquaculture waters is an important technical means for supplementing water body nutrients and improving the productivity of water bodies. However, improper application (referring to overdosage) can also lead to deterioration of water quality in aquaculture waters and environmental pollution, resulting in eutrophication of natural water bodies. Fertilization is mainly used for pond culture, and the target species for breeding are mainly cockroaches, cockroaches, cockroaches, cockroaches, and tilapia.
Fertilizers include organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. Approved organic fertilizers include: compost, manure, manure, green manure, biogas manure, fermented manure, etc.; permitted inorganic fertilizers include: urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, calcium superphosphate, diammonium phosphate , monoammonium phosphate, lime, calcium carbonate and some complex inorganic fertilizers. Fertilizer application method and quantity can refer to SC/T1016.5-1995 "China pond fish culture technical specifications, the Yangtze River area food fish feeding technology" requirements.
5. Process Quality Control Guidelines Raw materials for processing of pollution-free aquatic products should come from non-pollution aquatic product bases, quality is fresh, and the physicochemical, safety and health indicators should meet the quality requirements of the corresponding pollution-free aquatic products; raw materials should be preserved and maintained during transportation. Living measures; transport tools, storage containers, storage sites must be clean and sanitary.
The environmental hygiene of pollution-free aquatic products processing factories, cold storages and warehouses, hygiene of processing procedures, hygienic packaging, storage and transportation safety and sanitation inspection and management, etc. shall comply with GBl2694-90 "Hygienic specifications for meat processing plants" and SC/T3009-1999. Aquatic Products Processing Quality Management Regulations.
Stainless steel materials should be used for tools and consoles that come into contact with raw materials. Storage containers should be made of materials that are non-toxic, odorless, non-absorbent, resistant to corrosion, and withstand repeated rinsing and disinfection. The surface is smooth and free of pits or cracks.
The pollution-free aquatic product processing water shall meet the requirements of GB5749-1985 "Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water"; the seawater used shall meet the first category specified in GB3077-1997 "Sea Water Quality Standard"; the ice used in the production process shall conform to SC/T900l— 1984 "artificial ice" requirements.
No unlicensed food additive shall be used in the processing of pollution-free aquatic products. If additives are required during the production process, the type, quantity, and method of adding additives must meet the requirements of GB2760-1996 "Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives". The use of additives, such as pigments, preservatives, and quality improvers prohibited by the State, may not be used.
6. Packaging Requirements Packaging materials must be approved by the State for use in food materials. The materials used must be kept clean and kept in a dry and ventilated special store. The internal and external packaging materials should be stored separately. The packaging of products directly in contact with aquatic products must meet the requirements for food hygiene and must not cause direct and indirect contamination of the contents.