At present, on the fruit market at home and abroad, the appearance quality of fruit is the focus of competition. Good-quality and brand-name fruit products are not only popular but also have good returns. In the national selection of high-quality fruit, the appearance of fruit (fruit, fruit shape, fruit color, uniformity, smoothness, etc.) accounted for 60 points, and endoplasms accounted for 40 points, showing the importance of fruit appearance. Therefore, it is very urgent and necessary to promote high-quality supporting technologies and improve the quality of fruit in an all-encompassing situation when apple production soars. First, increase the weight of a single fruit. Strengthen fertilizer and water management 1 Increase the soil organic matter content by more than 1% by deep-turning the soil and increasing organic fertilizers. But to prevent excessive nitrogen. 2 spray fertilizer. According to the test, 2000 ppm manganese sulfate was sprayed 40 days and 70 days after flowering. The fruit weight increased by 1.25 kg. During the fruit enlargement period, sodium sulfite was sprayed twice, Marshal, Red Star, Fuji used 200 ppm, and Golden Delicious used 400 ppm. 8%--23% increase in diameter, 5%--12.5% ​​increase in single fruit weight, 500-times photosynthetic micronutrient spray every 15 days - 20 days after leaf spreading, total spray 3 times - 5 times, average fruit weight It can increase about 18%, and it can increase production by 25%--35% per mu. Before the onset of germination, the strain was sprayed once every 20 days, and sprayed 5 times, each time 30 grams per acre - 50 grams, the single fruit weight can increase by 13.1%, and the yield increase by 13.7%. 3 Topdressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers or fruit tree fertilizers. 4 Equilibrium water supply, especially if the water content of the soil during fruit expansion is not less than 14%. 2. Rational pruning, suitable for flowering and setting, timely harvesting 1 pruning, the ratio of buds and leaves maintained at about 1:3, Red Fuji stay 5 years - 6 years old results in the highest branch efficiency, the gold crown to stay 2 years - 3 years old result branches The average number of stems per meter is 8 - 12 sticks (depending on the variety). 2 flowers to set the fruit. Flowering weather is good, fruiting fruit orchards are reliable, you can spend to set the fruit, that is, in the inflorescence separation period, according to a certain spacing (large fruit 25 cm - 30 cm, medium-sized fruit 20 cm - 25 cm, small fruit within 20 cm) leaving the inflorescence In each inflorescence, only the center bud (flower) or one side bud (flower) is left. 3 strictly keep fruit. To set fruit within 4 weeks after flowering, retain center fruit, single fruit, strong fruit, lateral fruit, healthy fruit, and even fruit. 4 timely harvest. Promote timely harvesting or proper late harvest. Second, maintain a good shape After the selection of young fruit, timely supply of fertilizer and water, supplemental spray regulators to increase the fruit shape index generally long, middle fruit branch and fruit bud fruit branch fruit shape index is smaller, should stay strong and short fruit, leaving the center fruit or only to stay One edge, and increase the fertilizer and water supply one month after flowering, can increase the fruit shape index. For marshals and golden crowns, 600-fold prolonged spray (primary spray receptacles) at the beginning of the flowering period can make the fruit-shaped high piles and stalks more prominent. 2. Artificial pollination, strict fruit thinning, and artificial fruit pollination by reducing malformed fruit can make fruit shape well-proportioned. At the end of June and early July, 1 shampooing is performed to remove small fruit, pests and fruit, and deformed fruit, and they can be found at any time and removed at any time. Third, improve the fruit coloring Reasonable pruning, improving the tree light through the summer pruning, sparse over dense branches, so that sufficient light. At the same time pay attention to the opening angle to ensure that the tree's ventilation and light to facilitate the coloring of the fruit. 2. Scientific fertilization, irrigation 1 control nitrogen application. Fruit trees entering the coloring period should be given as little nitrogen as possible, and nitrogen fertilizer should be prohibited before harvest. 2 Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. During June-August, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate were added, and 0.5 kg of each tree was applied. 3 supplemented by spray fertilizer. From 10 days after flowering, photosynthetic fertilizer (500 times liquid) was sprayed once every 15 days; 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed during fruit coloring, or IOPPm--1000ppm rare earth microflora during flowering, fruiting period, fruit expansion fat. 4 Control soil moisture. Before harvesting, it is necessary to control the water, but it cannot be arid. It is advisable to control the relative water content of the soil in the coloring period from 60% to -80%. 3. Thinning and fruit thinning, reasonable load can be determined according to the branch fruit ratio method, dry cycle method, distance method, leaf-fruit ratio method and other suitable load per plant; if there is too much fruit, the fruit is dark and the maturation time is delayed. 4. Application of color enhancer 30 days before harvest - 40 days to spray once - 2 times 30ppm - 40ppm of naphthylacetic acid; or 6 weeks prior to harvest, Wangshu spray 1000ppm ethephon; or from the beginning of fruit germination, spray once every 20 days to increase the production of bacteria , A total of five sprays, 30 grams per acre - 50 grams, three methods can improve fruit coloring. 5. The bagging red variety is bagged 35 days to 40 days after full bloom, and the gold crown is bagged within 20 days after the flowering. Spray bactericide and insecticide before bagging. Remove the bag 30 days before picking. Double-leafed Fuji apples should be removed from the bag 30 days before the harvest - 35 days except for the inner bag after 35 sunny days. The daily bag removal time is 10 hours - 16 hours. Green varieties are removed after harvesting. 6. After the fruit is turned and the fruit is colored on one side, hold the fruit in the hand and turn it forward so that the shade of the fruit turns to the positive side. 7. Before the thinning and picking of the fruit of the leaves, the dense branches within the crown should be properly removed. 6 weeks before maturity, remove severely shaded leaves. 8. Silver reflective film red varieties in the fruit coloring period, under the canopy reflective film, the lower part of the canopy of the fruit, especially in and around the full coloring. 9. Artificial coloring is used to select the ventilation site on the shade, and a layer of 10cm to 20cm thick sand is laid on top, and the stems of the poorly-coloured fruits are arranged upwards (the gap between the fruit and the fruit is to be left) on the fine sand. . Spray cold water daily before sunrise, noon and evening. After 3 days - 4 days, turn the fruit one time and make the top of the fruit up. After 2 days - 3 days, the fruit can be colored. China Agricultural Network Editor
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