First, the selection of bulbs and cultivars The tulip bulbs that must be cut to market before the end of February must be bulbs that have been treated for a certain period of time after the flower buds have been fully developed. Usually bulbs with a circumference greater than 12 cm are used. In terms of species selection, attention should be paid to two points: First, it is suitable for the cultivation of thin films to promote cultivation, and the rate of blind flowers is low; Second, the proportion of flowers and their proportions must meet the market demand and meet the requirements of consumers. Lianyungang's cultivars are: Apollo, Apollo, France, Luther, Miss Holland, and Dutch sister. Second, the preparation of planting tulip on the soil requirements are not very strict, but soft, strong permeability, rich in humus neutral or slightly alkaline loam, sand is better. For more viscous soils, organic fertilizers should be applied more, and sorghum ridges should be used one month ahead of schedule to improve soil physical structure. Land formation usually takes place 15-30 days before planting (the more viscous the ground must be, the more advanced it is). Weeds and pre-planted vegetables or flowers must be removed from the broken agricultural film and film. The new greenhouse must be carefully crushed and broken. Bricks, then apply 4 to 7 tons of fully cooked chicken manure or manure per acre, deep-flip 30 cm, and make a north-south sorghum. The width of the surface is 0.9 meters and the width of the groove is 0.2-0.25 meters. Dry 10-20 days after the whole planting, manual weeding and watering 5-7 days before planting, so that the clods will be dispersed and the soil will be solid. Third, colonization 1. Time is spent on Christmas and New Year's Day as a flowering goal. The planting period is October 15-20. The Chinese New Year is a flowering target and the planting period is November. If the Spring Festival next year is in January, it should be planted before November 20, otherwise it should be planted before December 20th after December 20th. 2. Density spacing 9-10 cm. 3. Depth bulb position should be 2-5 cm below the soil surface, not deep. Usually planting trenches 6-7 cm deep, then press 9-10 cm row spacing, place the bulbs upside down to place the bulbs. The planting on the clay ground should be shallow and only 1 cm thick soil should be covered above the bulb. Before the other planting, the film on the bottom of the bulb must be peeled off to expose the root. Fourth, cut flowers before harvest management From mid-October to mid-November 11, to reduce greenhouse temperature and soil temperature as the management objectives, the following measures should be taken: Coverage shading rate 50 to 70%. Shading nets to reduce temperature and enhance ventilation; after planting, the surface of the crop covers 2-3 cm thick straw, To promote rooting and delay germination. 2. Generally in the upper part of December, the film is covered with long-lived non-drip film with high light transmittance. Before cover film is used for flowering, sunny days must be ventilated. The indoor temperature should be kept below 20°C and the relative humidity should not exceed 80%. In case of rainy days, it is necessary to remove the film and ventilate and dampen. 3. Fertilizer and water management: When the amount of base fertilizer is met the standard requirements during site preparation, no fertilizer is required before budding; after budding, in order to promote the rapid expansion and development of new bulbs, 0.2 to 0.3% of imported compound fertilizer is applied every 10-15 days. ~3 times. 4. Water management should be based on fertility and soil water retention. Before budding, grasping the soil of the bulbous stem with hands, can form a group without dispersal, while loosening requires irrigation. After the irrigation, ventilation should be strengthened to reduce the indoor temperature and control the occurrence of gray mold. After flowering, the stems grow rapidly, and it is more important to ensure that there is no water shortage in the bulbs. V. Cut flowers Harvest Most varieties should be cut before flower buds pass through but not yet unfolded to facilitate bagging, transportation, and protection of petals from damage, while also extending the viewing period of cut flowers. To ensure that the flower stems are of sufficient length (most varieties are based on 33 cm), leave as many leaves as possible to cut, leave at least one leaf, and do not damage the remaining leaves. 6. Management of cut flowers After harvesting, use the thin-film solar greenhouse to cultivate tulips. After the cut flowers are harvested, the field with temperature, light, and fertilizer as the main body is properly managed. One bulb can be grown to harvest a bulb with a diameter of more than 10 cm and several flower bulbs. Bulbs less than 10 cm in circumference. At present, the main reason for the degradation of tulip cultivation in our country (most of them are ordinary open field cultivation) is that there is not enough vegetative growth period after flowering (only about one month). In addition, improper storage treatment after bulb harvest is the main reason that domestic flowering bulbs cannot produce high quality cut flowers. From the market point of view, large-scale cut flower production should be the main target for the flower by the end of February, that is, cut flowers should be harvested before the end of February. After the cut flowers are harvested, the indoor temperature shall be strictly controlled below 20°C. The post-anthesis growth period of the plants is as long as 3 months, compared to the open field, which has been prolonged for nearly 2 months. With such a long vegetative period, the quality of the newly harvested tulip bulbs is good and the degradation is not obvious. In order to effectively prevent degradation of tulip bulbs, post-harvest management points are as follows: (1) To increase ventilation, the temperature in the greenhouse must be controlled within 20t, otherwise the plants, especially the leaves, will soon age and begin to yellow from the tips of the leaf tips; ) Strengthen the management of fertilizers and water. Apply every 2 to 3 times of 0.2 to 0.3% of imported compound fertilizer or 0.3% of urea+0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the leaves every 10 to 15 days. VII. Major Disease Control Films Under greenhouse conditions, the main pests and diseases of tulips include viral diseases, gray mold, and roundworms. Comprehensive prevention and control measures are as follows: 1 implement rotation; 2 eliminate diseased wound bulbs; 3 constantly inspect and remove and destroy diseased plants; 4 strengthen indoor ventilation and light transmission, especially in winter, even with rain, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation to reduce humidity; After the leaves wither, the weather is drier. When the weather is dry, dig up the bulbs and dry them. Do not expose to the sun. Avoid burning, membranous scales, cracks, abrasions, or other injuries. Pay attention to the lightness and lightness of the leaves. 6 Gray mold can be used 20% suede Ling 1000 times liquid control, aphids can be controlled by 2.5% cypermethrin and other agents; 7 boron deficiency can also cause physiological diseases. China Agricultural Network Editor
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